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Results from studies on rodents and in cell cultures exposed to ultrafine and nanoparticles have shown that these particles are more toxic than larger ones on a mass-for-mass basis.
Animal studies indicate that nanoparticles cause more pulmonary inflammation, tissue damage, and lung tumors than larger particles
Solubility, shape, surface area and surface chemistry are all determinants of nanoparticle toxicity
There is uncertainty as to the levels above which these particles become toxic and whether the concentrations found in the workplace are hazardous